Rudy Giuliani, the previous New York mayor on the centre of the impeachment investigation into the conduct of Ukraine coverage, makes a residing promoting cybersecurity recommendation by means of his firms.
President Donald Trump even named him the administration’s first casual “cybersecurity adviser”.
However contained in the National Security Council, officers expressed wonderment that Mr Giuliani was working his “irregular channel” of Ukraine diplomacy over open cell lines and communications apps that the Russians have deeply penetrated.
In his testimony to the Home impeachment inquiry, Tim Morrison, who’s leaving because the Nationwide Safety Council’s head of Europe and Russia, recalled expressing astonishment to William B Taylor Jr, who was sitting in because the chief US diplomat in Ukraine, that the leaders of the “irregular channel” appeared to have little concern about revealing their conversations to Moscow.
“He and I mentioned an absence of, let’s consider, Opsec, that a lot of Rudy’s discussions had been taking place over an unclassified cellphone or, maybe as dangerous, WhatsApp messages, and due to this fact you possibly can solely think about who else knew about them,” Mr Morrison testified.
1/22 Donald Trump
Accused of abusing his workplace by urgent the Ukrainian president in a July telephone name to assist dig up grime on Joe Biden, who could also be his Democratic rival within the 2020 election.
He additionally believes that Hillary Clinton’s deleted emails – a key issue within the 2016 election – could also be in Ukraine, though it’s not clear why.
Reuters
2/22 The Whistleblower
Believed to be a CIA agent who frolicked on the White Home, his criticism was largely primarily based on second and third-hand accounts from anxious White Home workers. Though this isn’t uncommon for such complaints, Trump and his supporters have seized on it to indicate that his data just isn’t dependable.
Anticipated to present proof to Congress voluntarily and in secret.
Getty
three/22 The Second Whistleblower
The lawyer for the primary intelligence whistleblower can be representing a second whistleblower relating to the President’s actions. Legal professional Mark Zaid stated that he and different legal professionals on his staff at the moment are representing the second particular person, who is alleged to work within the intelligence neighborhood and has first-hand information that helps claims made by the primary whistleblower and has spoken to the intelligence neighborhood’s inspector common. The second whistleblower has not but filed their very own criticism, however doesn’t must to be thought-about an official whistleblower.
Getty
four/22 Rudy Giuliani
Former mayor of New York, whose administration of the aftermath of the September 11 assaults in 2001 gained him worldwide reward. As Trump’s private legal professional he has been looking for compromising materials in regards to the president’s enemies in Ukraine in what some have termed a “shadow” international coverage.
In a collection of eccentric TV appearances he has claimed that the US state division requested him to become involved. Giuliani insists that he’s preventing corruption on Trump’s behalf and has referred to as himself a “hero”.
AP
5/22 Volodymyr Zelensky
The newly elected Ukrainian president – a former comedian actor finest recognized for taking part in a person who turns into president accidentally – is seen frantically agreeing with Trump within the partial transcript of their July telephone name launched by the White Home.
With a Russian-backed insurgency within the east of his nation, and the Crimea area seized by Vladimir Putin in 2014, Zelensky could have been desirous to please his American counterpart, who had suspended very important navy help earlier than their telephone dialog.
He says there was no stress on him from Trump to do him the “favour” he was requested for.
Zelensky appeared at an ungainly press convention with Trump in New York through the United Nations common meeting, wanting notably uncomfortable when the American instructed he participate in talks with Putin.
AFP/Getty
6/22 Mike Pence
The vice-president was not on the controversial July name to the Ukrainian president however did get a read-out later.
Nevertheless, Trump introduced that Pence had had “one or two” telephone conversations of an analogous nature, dragging him into the disaster. Pence himself denies any information of any wrongdoing and has insisted that there isn’t any subject with Trump’s actions.
It has been speculated that Trump concerned Pence as an insurance coverage coverage – if each are faraway from energy the presidency would go to Democratic Home Speaker Nancy Pelosi, one thing no Republican would enable.
AP
7/22 Rick Perry
Trump reportedly informed a gathering of Republicans that he made the controversial name to the Ukrainian president on the urging of his personal power secretary, Rick Perry, and that he didn’t even need to.
The president apparently stated that Perry wished him to speak about liquefied pure gasoline – though there isn’t any point out of it within the partial transcript of the telephone name launched by the White Home. It’s thought that Perry will step down from his function on the finish of the yr.
Getty
eight/22 Joe Biden
The previous vice-president is likely one of the frontrunners to win the Democratic nomination, which might make him Trump’s opponent within the 2020 election.
Trump says that Biden pressured Ukraine to sack a prosecutor who was investigating an power firm that Biden’s son Hunter was on the board of, refusing to launch US help till this was carried out.
Nevertheless, stress to fireplace the prosecutor got here on a large entrance from western international locations. Additionally it is believed that the investigation into the corporate, Burisma, had lengthy been dormant.
Reuters
9/22 Hunter Biden
Joe Biden’s son has been accused of corruption by the president due to his enterprise dealings in Ukraine and China. Nevertheless, Trump has but to supply any proof of corruption and Biden’s lawyer insists he has carried out nothing improper.
AP
10/22 William Barr
The attorney-general, who proved his loyalty to Trump together with his dealing with of the Mueller report, was talked about within the Ukraine name as somebody president Volodymyr Zelensky ought to speak to about following up Trump’s preoccupations with the Biden’s and the Clinton emails.
Nancy Pelosi has accused Barr of being a part of a “cover-up of a cover-up”.
AP
11/22 Mike Pompeo
The secretary of state initially implied he knew little in regards to the Ukraine telephone name – but it surely later emerged that he was listening in on the time.
He has since instructed that asking international leaders for favours is just how worldwide politics works.
AFP by way of Getty
12/22 Nancy Pelosi
The Democratic Speaker of the Home had lengthy resisted calls from inside her personal occasion to again a proper impeachment course of in opposition to the president, apparently fearing a backlash from voters. On September 24, amid stories of the Ukraine name and the day earlier than the White Home launched a partial transcript of it, she relented and introduced an inquiry, saying: “The president have to be held accountable. Nobody is above the legislation.”
Getty
13/22 Adam Schiff
Democratic chairman of the Home intelligence committee, one of many three committees main the inquiry.
He was criticized by Republicans for giving what he referred to as a “parody” of the Ukraine telephone name throughout a listening to, with Trump and others saying he had been pretending that his damning characterisation was a verbatim studying of the telephone name.
He has additionally been criticised for claiming that his committee had had no contact with the whistleblower, just for it to emerge that the intelligence agent had contacted a workers member on the committee for steerage earlier than submitting the criticism.
The Washington Publish awarded Schiff a “4 Pinocchios” score, its worst score for a dishonest assertion.
Reuters
14/22 Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman
Florida-based businessmen and Republican donors Lev Parnas (pictured with Rudy Giuliani) and Igor Fruman had been arrested on suspicion of marketing campaign finance violations at Dulles Worldwide Airport close to Washington DC on 9 October.
Individually the Related Press has reported that they had been each concerned in efforts to exchange the administration of Ukraine’s gasoline firm, Naftogaz, with new bosses who would steer profitable contracts in the direction of firms managed by Trump allies. There isn’t a suggestion of any felony exercise in these efforts.
Reuters
15/22 Kurt Volker
The previous US ambassador to NATO was appointed particular envoy to Ukraine, and is assumed to have performed a job in linking Giuliani with Ukraine officers.
He resigned simply earlier than giving proof to Congress, which had subpoenaed him.
After his testimony it emerged that he had apparently informed Giuliani that he was being fed false details about the Bidens from Ukrainian officers.
Getty Photographs
16/22 Marie Yovanovitch
A profession diplomat who was appointed US ambassador to Ukraine in the direction of the top of Barack Obama’s presidency. She was abruptly recalled from her submit in Could 2019 amid claims that she was not co-operating with Rudy Giuliani’s unorthodox actions in Ukraine.
Within the Ukraine telephone name Trump refers to her as “the lady” and “dangerous information” and hints darkly at some form of retribution, saying: “Effectively, she’s going to undergo some issues.”
Yovanovitch informed Home investigators in October that she felt as if she had been focused by a false accusations from Giuliani and his associates, who allegedly seen her as a menace to their political and monetary pursuits.
She additionally stated that State Division officers had informed her she did nothing improper, and that her abrupt removing was not associated to her efficiency. Trump had merely misplaced religion in her talents.
Anticipated to testify publicly earlier than Home committee on 15 November.
AP
17/22 Gordon Sondland
A Seattle hotelier who grew to become US ambassador to the European Union after donating $1 million to Trump’s inauguration committee, regardless of having no diplomatic expertise.
In line with the whistleblower, Sondland met Ukrainian politicians to assist them “perceive and reply to the differing messages they had been receiving from official US channels on one hand and from Mr GIuliani on the opposite”.
Sondland informed Home investigators throughout October 2019 testimony that he had been upset with Trump’s resolution to contain his private lawyer in dealings with Kiev — and acknowledged that the president refused counsel from his prime diplomats, and demanded Volodymyr Zelensky fulfill his considerations about corruption. These diplomats had informed Trump to fulfill with Zelensky with out preconditions, in line with Sondland.
His testimony is at odds with the testimony of another international coverage officers, nonetheless, who indicated that Sondland was a prepared participant.
Reuters
18/22 George Kent
A profession diplomat, he was quantity two on the Ukraine embassy beneath Marie Yovanovitch.
Kent testified earlier than Home investigators in October 2019 that he was minimize out of Ukraine policymaking after a Could assembly orchestrated by appearing chief of workers Mick Mulvaney, and was informed to “lay low”.
The deputy assistant secretary within the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs stated that he although it was “improper” that he was sidelines by Trump’s interior circle.
Following the Could assembly, Kent stated he was edged out by Gordon Sondland, Kurt Volker, and Rick Perry, who “declared themselves the three folks now answerable for Ukraine coverage”, in line with a politician who attended the closed door testimony.
Anticipated to testify publicly to Home committee on 12 November.
AFP by way of Getty Photographs
19/22 Ulrich Brechbuhl
An adviser to secretary of state Mike Pompeo, with whom he has run companies. The 2 had been additionally at West Level navy academy collectively.
Swiss-born Brechbuhl is alleged to deal with “particular diplomatic assignments”.
Subpoenaed to present proof to Congress in November.
US State Division
20/22 Philip Reeker
Philip Reeker, the appearing assistant secretary of State, testified that he didn’t discover out a few push by the Trump administration to pressure Ukraine to publicly announce an investigation into former vp Joe Biden till the whistleblower criticism was made public.
Whereas he was requested about any quid professional quo in that regard, Reeker indicated he was at midnight and so couldn’t present additional particulars.
However, he did fill in particulars throughout his October 2019 testimony on the circumstances surrounding the firing of Marie Yovanovitch. Democrats described his testimony has offering additional backup to different testimony that they had heard.
AP
21/22 William Taylor
William Taylor, the highest US diplomat to Ukraine, testified throughout an October 2019 listening to in the home that American help to Ukraine was explicitly tied to the nation’s willingness to research Donald Trump’s political rival.
Taylor’s testimony was explosive, and made him a key witness to the Trump administration’s efforts to make use of the pressure of the American authorities to push a politically motivated investigation in opposition to Joe Biden.
He stated the efforts got here by means of an “irregular, casual channel of US policy-making” led by Rudy Giuliani, Kurt Volker, Rick Perry, and Gordon Sondland.
Anticipated to publicly testify earlier than Home committee on 13 November.
AP
22/22 Alexander Vindman
Lietenant colonel Alexander Vindman is a prime Ukraine skilled on the Nationwide Safety Council, and a adorned Iraq conflict veteran.
He deliberate to inform the Home impeachment inquiry that he heard Donald Trump enchantment to Ukraine’s president to research his main political rivals. Mr Vindman stated he thought-about the request so damaging to American pursuits that he reported it to a superior — twice.
He’s the primary particular person to testify earlier than the Home impeachment inquiry who really listened in on the 25 July telephone name, through which Trump urged Volodymyr Zelensky to begin an investigation into Joe Biden.
Getty Photographs
1/22 Donald Trump
Accused of abusing his workplace by urgent the Ukrainian president in a July telephone name to assist dig up grime on Joe Biden, who could also be his Democratic rival within the 2020 election.
He additionally believes that Hillary Clinton’s deleted emails – a key issue within the 2016 election – could also be in Ukraine, though it’s not clear why.
Reuters
2/22 The Whistleblower
Believed to be a CIA agent who frolicked on the White Home, his criticism was largely primarily based on second and third-hand accounts from anxious White Home workers. Though this isn’t uncommon for such complaints, Trump and his supporters have seized on it to indicate that his data just isn’t dependable.
Anticipated to present proof to Congress voluntarily and in secret.
Getty
three/22 The Second Whistleblower
The lawyer for the primary intelligence whistleblower can be representing a second whistleblower relating to the President’s actions. Legal professional Mark Zaid stated that he and different legal professionals on his staff at the moment are representing the second particular person, who is alleged to work within the intelligence neighborhood and has first-hand information that helps claims made by the primary whistleblower and has spoken to the intelligence neighborhood’s inspector common. The second whistleblower has not but filed their very own criticism, however doesn’t must to be thought-about an official whistleblower.
Getty
four/22 Rudy Giuliani
Former mayor of New York, whose administration of the aftermath of the September 11 assaults in 2001 gained him worldwide reward. As Trump’s private legal professional he has been looking for compromising materials in regards to the president’s enemies in Ukraine in what some have termed a “shadow” international coverage.
In a collection of eccentric TV appearances he has claimed that the US state division requested him to become involved. Giuliani insists that he’s preventing corruption on Trump’s behalf and has referred to as himself a “hero”.
AP
5/22 Volodymyr Zelensky
The newly elected Ukrainian president – a former comedian actor finest recognized for taking part in a person who turns into president accidentally – is seen frantically agreeing with Trump within the partial transcript of their July telephone name launched by the White Home.
With a Russian-backed insurgency within the east of his nation, and the Crimea area seized by Vladimir Putin in 2014, Zelensky could have been desirous to please his American counterpart, who had suspended very important navy help earlier than their telephone dialog.
He says there was no stress on him from Trump to do him the “favour” he was requested for.
Zelensky appeared at an ungainly press convention with Trump in New York through the United Nations common meeting, wanting notably uncomfortable when the American instructed he participate in talks with Putin.
AFP/Getty
6/22 Mike Pence
The vice-president was not on the controversial July name to the Ukrainian president however did get a read-out later.
Nevertheless, Trump introduced that Pence had had “one or two” telephone conversations of an analogous nature, dragging him into the disaster. Pence himself denies any information of any wrongdoing and has insisted that there isn’t any subject with Trump’s actions.
It has been speculated that Trump concerned Pence as an insurance coverage coverage – if each are faraway from energy the presidency would go to Democratic Home Speaker Nancy Pelosi, one thing no Republican would enable.
AP
7/22 Rick Perry
Trump reportedly informed a gathering of Republicans that he made the controversial name to the Ukrainian president on the urging of his personal power secretary, Rick Perry, and that he didn’t even need to.
The president apparently stated that Perry wished him to speak about liquefied pure gasoline – though there isn’t any point out of it within the partial transcript of the telephone name launched by the White Home. It’s thought that Perry will step down from his function on the finish of the yr.
Getty
eight/22 Joe Biden
The previous vice-president is likely one of the frontrunners to win the Democratic nomination, which might make him Trump’s opponent within the 2020 election.
Trump says that Biden pressured Ukraine to sack a prosecutor who was investigating an power firm that Biden’s son Hunter was on the board of, refusing to launch US help till this was carried out.
Nevertheless, stress to fireplace the prosecutor got here on a large entrance from western international locations. Additionally it is believed that the investigation into the corporate, Burisma, had lengthy been dormant.
Reuters
9/22 Hunter Biden
Joe Biden’s son has been accused of corruption by the president due to his enterprise dealings in Ukraine and China. Nevertheless, Trump has but to supply any proof of corruption and Biden’s lawyer insists he has carried out nothing improper.
AP
10/22 William Barr
The attorney-general, who proved his loyalty to Trump together with his dealing with of the Mueller report, was talked about within the Ukraine name as somebody president Volodymyr Zelensky ought to speak to about following up Trump’s preoccupations with the Biden’s and the Clinton emails.
Nancy Pelosi has accused Barr of being a part of a “cover-up of a cover-up”.
AP
11/22 Mike Pompeo
The secretary of state initially implied he knew little in regards to the Ukraine telephone name – but it surely later emerged that he was listening in on the time.
He has since instructed that asking international leaders for favours is just how worldwide politics works.
AFP by way of Getty
12/22 Nancy Pelosi
The Democratic Speaker of the Home had lengthy resisted calls from inside her personal occasion to again a proper impeachment course of in opposition to the president, apparently fearing a backlash from voters. On September 24, amid stories of the Ukraine name and the day earlier than the White Home launched a partial transcript of it, she relented and introduced an inquiry, saying: “The president have to be held accountable. Nobody is above the legislation.”
Getty
13/22 Adam Schiff
Democratic chairman of the Home intelligence committee, one of many three committees main the inquiry.
He was criticized by Republicans for giving what he referred to as a “parody” of the Ukraine telephone name throughout a listening to, with Trump and others saying he had been pretending that his damning characterisation was a verbatim studying of the telephone name.
He has additionally been criticised for claiming that his committee had had no contact with the whistleblower, just for it to emerge that the intelligence agent had contacted a workers member on the committee for steerage earlier than submitting the criticism.
The Washington Publish awarded Schiff a “4 Pinocchios” score, its worst score for a dishonest assertion.
Reuters
14/22 Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman
Florida-based businessmen and Republican donors Lev Parnas (pictured with Rudy Giuliani) and Igor Fruman had been arrested on suspicion of marketing campaign finance violations at Dulles Worldwide Airport close to Washington DC on 9 October.
Individually the Related Press has reported that they had been each concerned in efforts to exchange the administration of Ukraine’s gasoline firm, Naftogaz, with new bosses who would steer profitable contracts in the direction of firms managed by Trump allies. There isn’t a suggestion of any felony exercise in these efforts.
Reuters
15/22 Kurt Volker
The previous US ambassador to NATO was appointed particular envoy to Ukraine, and is assumed to have performed a job in linking Giuliani with Ukraine officers.
He resigned simply earlier than giving proof to Congress, which had subpoenaed him.
After his testimony it emerged that he had apparently informed Giuliani that he was being fed false details about the Bidens from Ukrainian officers.
Getty Photographs
16/22 Marie Yovanovitch
A profession diplomat who was appointed US ambassador to Ukraine in the direction of the top of Barack Obama’s presidency. She was abruptly recalled from her submit in Could 2019 amid claims that she was not co-operating with Rudy Giuliani’s unorthodox actions in Ukraine.
Within the Ukraine telephone name Trump refers to her as “the lady” and “dangerous information” and hints darkly at some form of retribution, saying: “Effectively, she’s going to undergo some issues.”
Yovanovitch informed Home investigators in October that she felt as if she had been focused by a false accusations from Giuliani and his associates, who allegedly seen her as a menace to their political and monetary pursuits.
She additionally stated that State Division officers had informed her she did nothing improper, and that her abrupt removing was not associated to her efficiency. Trump had merely misplaced religion in her talents.
Anticipated to testify publicly earlier than Home committee on 15 November.
AP
17/22 Gordon Sondland
A Seattle hotelier who grew to become US ambassador to the European Union after donating $1 million to Trump’s inauguration committee, regardless of having no diplomatic expertise.
In line with the whistleblower, Sondland met Ukrainian politicians to assist them “perceive and reply to the differing messages they had been receiving from official US channels on one hand and from Mr GIuliani on the opposite”.
Sondland informed Home investigators throughout October 2019 testimony that he had been upset with Trump’s resolution to contain his private lawyer in dealings with Kiev — and acknowledged that the president refused counsel from his prime diplomats, and demanded Volodymyr Zelensky fulfill his considerations about corruption. These diplomats had informed Trump to fulfill with Zelensky with out preconditions, in line with Sondland.
His testimony is at odds with the testimony of another international coverage officers, nonetheless, who indicated that Sondland was a prepared participant.
Reuters
18/22 George Kent
A profession diplomat, he was quantity two on the Ukraine embassy beneath Marie Yovanovitch.
Kent testified earlier than Home investigators in October 2019 that he was minimize out of Ukraine policymaking after a Could assembly orchestrated by appearing chief of workers Mick Mulvaney, and was informed to “lay low”.
The deputy assistant secretary within the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs stated that he although it was “improper” that he was sidelines by Trump’s interior circle.
Following the Could assembly, Kent stated he was edged out by Gordon Sondland, Kurt Volker, and Rick Perry, who “declared themselves the three folks now answerable for Ukraine coverage”, in line with a politician who attended the closed door testimony.
Anticipated to testify publicly to Home committee on 12 November.
AFP by way of Getty Photographs
19/22 Ulrich Brechbuhl
An adviser to secretary of state Mike Pompeo, with whom he has run companies. The 2 had been additionally at West Level navy academy collectively.
Swiss-born Brechbuhl is alleged to deal with “particular diplomatic assignments”.
Subpoenaed to present proof to Congress in November.
US State Division
20/22 Philip Reeker
Philip Reeker, the appearing assistant secretary of State, testified that he didn’t discover out a few push by the Trump administration to pressure Ukraine to publicly announce an investigation into former vp Joe Biden till the whistleblower criticism was made public.
Whereas he was requested about any quid professional quo in that regard, Reeker indicated he was at midnight and so couldn’t present additional particulars.
However, he did fill in particulars throughout his October 2019 testimony on the circumstances surrounding the firing of Marie Yovanovitch. Democrats described his testimony has offering additional backup to different testimony that they had heard.
AP
21/22 William Taylor
William Taylor, the highest US diplomat to Ukraine, testified throughout an October 2019 listening to in the home that American help to Ukraine was explicitly tied to the nation’s willingness to research Donald Trump’s political rival.
Taylor’s testimony was explosive, and made him a key witness to the Trump administration’s efforts to make use of the pressure of the American authorities to push a politically motivated investigation in opposition to Joe Biden.
He stated the efforts got here by means of an “irregular, casual channel of US policy-making” led by Rudy Giuliani, Kurt Volker, Rick Perry, and Gordon Sondland.
Anticipated to publicly testify earlier than Home committee on 13 November.
AP
22/22 Alexander Vindman
Lietenant colonel Alexander Vindman is a prime Ukraine skilled on the Nationwide Safety Council, and a adorned Iraq conflict veteran.
He deliberate to inform the Home impeachment inquiry that he heard Donald Trump enchantment to Ukraine’s president to research his main political rivals. Mr Vindman stated he thought-about the request so damaging to American pursuits that he reported it to a superior — twice.
He’s the primary particular person to testify earlier than the Home impeachment inquiry who really listened in on the 25 July telephone name, through which Trump urged Volodymyr Zelensky to begin an investigation into Joe Biden.
Getty Photographs
Opsec is the federal government’s shorthand for operational safety.
Gordon D Sondland, the US ambassador to the European Union, held an open cellphone dialog with Trump from a restaurant in Ukraine, apparently loud sufficient for his desk mates to overhear.
And Mr Trump’s personal cellphone use has led US intelligence officers to conclude that the Chinese language — with whom he’s negotiating an enormous commerce deal, amongst different delicate matters — are likely aware of the president’s conversations.
Mr Giuliani, impeachment investigators had been informed, was the US president’s interlocutor with the brand new Ukrainian authorities about opening investigations into Mr Trump’s political opponents.
The simultaneous suspension of $391m (£302m) in navy help to Ukraine, which some have testified was on Mr Trump’s orders, fulfilled Moscow’s deepest want at a second of floor conflict in jap Ukraine and a every day, grinding cyberwar within the capital.
It stays unknown why the Russians haven’t made any of those conversations public, assuming they possess them.
A former senior US intelligence official speculated one clarification is that Mr Giuliani and Mr Sondland had been primarily doing the Russians’ work for them.
The New York Instances